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Autism (also called autistic disorder, infantile autism, Kanner's syndrome or Kanner syndrome) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests itself before the age of three years. Children with autism are marked by impairments in social interaction, impairments in communication, and restricted and repetitive behavior. These three characteristics reflect Leo Kanner's first reports of autism emphasizing "autistic aloneness" and "insistence on sameness".

Treatment
Early intervention is important. There is no single best treatment, but most children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) respond well to highly structured, specialized programs. A broad array of autism therapies have various goals, including improving health and well-being, dealing with emotional problems, overcoming difficulties with communication and learning, and improving sensory awareness. Among these methods, Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) has become widely accepted as an effective treatment for ASD.A 2005 California study found that early intensive behavior analytic treatment, a form of ABA, was substantially more effective for preschool children with autism than the mixture of methods provided in many programs.
Medications are sometimes used to treat severe behavioral problems associated with ASD. Many are prescribed off-label, which means they have not been officially approved by the FDA for this use; a child with ASD may not respond in the same way to these medications as typical children. An exception is risperidone, which was approved by the FDA in 2006 for the treatment of symptomatic irritability in autistic children and adolescents.
Many other therapies and interventions are available for autistic children, but few if any are supported by scientific studies.